PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1; CD279) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immune receptors. PD-L1 (CD274; B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC; CD273) are immuno-coinhibitory ligands of the B7 family binding to PD-1. The PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 signalling pathway is a negative regulatory mechanism that inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction enhances antitumor immunity. The PD-1 pathway plays a major role in the inhibition of self-reactive T cells and protection against autoimmune diseases. PD-1 and PD-L1 also exist as soluble forms. Elevated levels of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) are shown in rheumatoid arthritis, skin sclerosis and autoimmune hepatitis. Levels of sPD-L1 are increased in the plasma of cancer patients as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid of gliomas. sPD-L1 is a biomarker of poor survival in patients with B cell lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma or lung cancer and is associated with advanced tumour stages.
LIT: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer treatment: perspectives and issues: J. Hamanishi, et al.; Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 462 (2016) • PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint: Potential target for cancer therapy: F.K. Dermani, et al.; J. Cell Physiol. 234, 1313 (2019)
PD-1 (human) ELISA Kit – Biomarker for Immuno-Oncology & Autoimmune Diseases
The PD-1 (human) ELISA Kit (Prod. No. AG-45B-0015) is a sandwich ELISA for the specific quantitative determination of human soluble PD-1 in serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. This ELISA Kit shows a very high specificity and sensitivity (1.6pg/ml).
PD-L1 (human) ELISA Kit – Tumour Biomarker for Poor Survival Prognosis
The PD-L1 (human) ELISA Kit (Prod. No. AG-45B-0016) is a sandwich ELISA for the specific quantitative determination of human soluble PD-L1 in serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. This ELISA Kit shows a very high specificity and sensitivity (0.8pg/ml).
PD-L1 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) – Biologically Active Proteins
PD-L1 (mouse):Fc (mouse) (rec.) (Prod. No. CHI-MF-110PDL1) is a biologically active recombinant fusion protein that inhibits anti-CD3/CD28 antibody-induced proliferation of mouse T lymphocytes.
Biological Activity: T cells from C57BL/6 mice were activated with coated anti-CD3/CD28 and PD-L1-Fc or control antibody (10µg/ml). Plots illustrate the percentage of dividing cells by using anti-CD44 and the dye Cell Trace Violet (CTV).
anti-PD-1 (mouse), mAb (blocking) (1H10)
AdipoGen Life Sciences’ anti-PD-1 (mouse), mAb (blocking) (1H10) (Prod. No. AG-20B-0075) is a monoclonal antibody that recognises mouse PD-1 and works specifically in Flow Cytometry and Functional Application. The antibody blocks PD-1 binding and induces a rapid activation and proliferation of T cells at a concentration of 0.25µg/2×105 cells. The antibody is available with or without preservatives.
Method: Magnetic bead affinity purified CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6 mice are stimulated in vitro with PD-1 (mouse), mAb (blocking) (1H10), anti-CD28 and rat IgG2a isotype (control Ig) (0.25µg/2×105 cells) for 48h. Proliferation is determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The presence of anti-CD28 mAb increases 1H10 mAb-mediated proliferation.
IHC-Competent Antibodies for PD-1 and PD-L1 Staining
AdipoGen Life Sciences’ anti-PD-1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC001) (Prod. No. AG-20B-6020) and anti-PD-L1 (human), mAb (AG-IHC411) (Prod. No. AG-20B-6022) are monoclonal antibodies that recognize human PD-1 and PD-L1, respectively, and work specifically in Immunohistochemistry Application. The antibodies are available in catalogue and BULK sizes.
Biologically Active PD-1 and PD-L1 Proteins
See all biologically active PD-1 and PD-L1 proteins here.
Validated Antibodies for PD-1 and PD-L1 Research
See all validated antibodies for PD-1 and PD-L1 research by AdipoGen Life Sciences here.
See all validated antibodies for PD-1 and PD-L1 research by Ancell here.
Originally posted on adipogen.com/pd-1-pd-l1-pathway
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